Preface
Acknowledgments
PART 1. FOUNDATIONAL TOPICS IN ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Adapted Physical Education and Sport, Joseph P. Winnick
The Meaning of Adapted Physical Education
Adapted Sport
Purpose, Aims, Goals, and Objectives
Service Providers
Brief History of Adapted Physical Education
The Inclusion Movement
Litigation
Laws Important to Adapted Physical Education and Sport
History of Adapted Sport
Periodicals
Organizations
Summary
Chapter 2. Program Organization and Management, Joseph P. Winnick
Curricular and Programmatic Direction
Administrative Considerations and Program Implementation
Human Resources
Program Evaluation
Summary
Chapter 3. Adapted Sport, Michael J. Paciorek
Integration Continuum
Sport Organizations
The Olympic and Amateur Sports Act and the Role of the United States Olympic Committee
Relationship of Disabled Sport Organizations to National Governing Bodies
Paralympic Games
Classification
School and Local Community-Based Adapted Sport Programs
Transition Services
Role of the Physical Educator in Adapted Sport
And What About Max?
Summary
Chapter 4. Individualized Educational Programs, Francis X. Short
Overview of Individualized Programs
The Student With a Disability
Components of the IEP
Development of the IEP
The Role of the Physical Educator
Section 504 and the Accommodation Plan
The Nondisabled Student With Unique Needs
Committee on Adapted Physical Education
Summary
Chapter 5. Measurement and Assessment, Francis X. Short
Measurement and Assessment Strategies
Measurement and Assessment in Adapted Physical Education
Tests and Measures for Use in Adapted Physical Education
Summary
Chapter 6. Instructional Strategies for Adapted Physical Education, Sarah M. Rich
General Philosophical Approaches to Adapted Physical Education and Sport
Teaching Styles
Motor Learning
Facilitating Skill Development
Organizational and Methodological Techniques
Prescriptive Planning and Instructional Models
Summary
Chapter 7. Behavior Management, E. Michael Loovis
Behavior Modification
Types of Reinforcers
Schedules of Reinforcement
Procedures for Increasing Behavior
Procedures to Decrease Behavior
Implementing a Behavior Modification Program
Uses of Behavior Modification in Physical Education and Sport
Example of Behavior Analysis
Other Approaches
Summary
PART 2. INDIVIDUALS WITH UNIQUE NEEDS
Chapter 8. Mental Retardation, Patricia Krebs
Definition of Mental Retardation
Classifications of Mental Retardation
Incidence of Mental Retardation in the Population
Causes of Mental Retardation
Cognitive Development
Learning Characteristics
Social and Emotional Characteristics
Physical and Motor Characteristics
Down Syndrome
Tests
Organizational and Instructional Methods
Education of Students in Inclusive Settings
Activities
Special Olympics
Paralympic Games for Those With an Intellectual Disability
Safe Participation
Summary
Chapter 9. Learning Disabilities and Attentional Deficits, Diane H. Craft
Overlap of LD and ADHD
What Is LD?
What Is ADHD?
What Are the Suspected Causes of Disabilities That Are So Prevalent?
Challenges Faced by Students With LD and/or ADHD
Behavioral Characteristics Among Children With LD and ADHD
General Approaches to LD and/or ADHD
Teaching Children With LD and/or ADHD
Summary
Chapter 10. Behavioral Disorders, E. Michael Loovis
Behavioral Disorders
Autism
Physical Education and Sport Activities
Modifications for Teaching and Programming in Physical Education and Sport
Inclusion
Summary
Chapter 11. Visual Impairments and Deafness, Diane H. Craft and Lauren Lieberman
Definition of Visual Impairment
Causes of Vision Loss
Characteristics of Persons With Visual Impairments
Inclusion: Teaching Students With Visual Impairments in Regular Physical Education
Sports for Athletes With Visual Impairments
Definitions of Hearing Losses
Types and Causes of Hearing Loss
Characteristics of Students With Deafness
General Considerations for Teaching Physical Education to Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Students
Suggestions for Teaching Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students
Deaf Sport
Deafblindness
Summary
Chapter 12. Cerebral Palsy, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury, David L. Porretta
Cerebral Palsy
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Program Implications
Inclusion
Adapted Sports
Summary
Chapter 13. Amputations, Dwarfism, and Les Autres, David L. Porretta
Amputations
Dwarfism
Les Autres
Program Implications
Inclusion
Adapted Sports
Summary
Chapter 14. Spinal Cord Disabilities, Luke Kelly
Classifications
Conditions
Implications for Physical Education
Orthotic Devices
Adapted Sport Activities
National Wheelchair Basketball Association Classification System
Summary
Chapter 15. Other Health-Impaired Students, Paul R. Surburg
The OHI Classification
Diabetes Mellitus
Seizure Disorders
Asthma
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disorders
Anemia
Hemophilia
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Students Affected by Substance Abuse Conditions
Summary
Chapter 16. Nondisabled Students and Adapted Physical Education, Paul R. Surburg
Activity Injuries
Long-Term Disorders
Summary
PART 3. DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 17. Motor Development, David L. Gallahue
Motor Development Defined
Categories of Movement
Motor Development As a Dynamic System
The Phases of Motor Development
Principles of Motor Development
Summary
Chapter 18. Perceptual-Motor Development, Joseph P. Winnick
Overview of the Perceptual-Motor Process
Visual Perceptual-Motor Development
Auditory Perceptual-Motor Development
Proprioception
Tactual Perception
Summary
Chapter 19. Infants and Toddlers, Cathy Houston-Wilson
Legislation
The Role of Teachers of Early Childhood Adapted Physical Education
Assessment
Goals and Objectives in Motor Programs for Infants and Toddlers
Goals and Objectives in Motor Programs for Infants and Toddlers With Unique Needs
Developmentally Appropriate Interactions With Infants and Toddlers
Interacting With Families
Summary
Chapter 20. Early Childhood Adapted Physical Education, Lauriece L. Zittel and Cathy Houston-Wilson
Identifying Young Children With Developmental Delays
Assessment of Performance
Objectives of Early Childhood Programs
Planning for Instruction
Developmentally Appropriate Teaching Approaches
Activities
Summary
PART 4. ACTIVITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH UNIQUE NEEDS
Chapter 21. Physical Fitness, Francis X. Short
Definition and Components of Physical Fitness
Personalizing Physical Fitness
Patterns of Physical Activity
Physical Activity Recommendations for Health-Related Physical Fitness
Summary
Chapter 22. Body Mechanics and Posture, Luke Kelly
Postural Deviations
Spinal Column Deviations
Lower Extremity and Foot Disorders
Summary
Chapter 23. Rhythm and Dance, Ellen M. Kowalski
Benefits of Teaching Rhythm and Dance
Using Rhythm and Dance in the Physical Education Program
Developmentally and Age-Appropriate Rhythm and Dance Activities
Modifying Rhythm and Dance Activities for Persons With Disabilities
Theatrical Dance and Performance Programs
Summary
Chapter 24. Aquatics, Monica Lepore
Benefits of Adapted Aquatics
General Teaching Suggestions
Aquatic Assessment
Adapting Swimming Skills
Orientation to Water
Facility and Equipment Considerations
Meeting Unique Needs of Participants
Swimming As a Competitive Sport
Other Aquatic Activities
Inclusion in Aquatic Activities
Summary
Chapter 25. Team Sports, David L. Porretta
Getting Involved
Basketball
Floor Hockey
Football
Soccer
Softball
Volleyball
Goal Ball
Quad Rugby
Inclusion
Summary
Chapter 26. Individual, Dual, and Adventure Sports and Activities, E. Michael Loovis
Tennis
Table Tennis
Angling
Archery
Badminton
Bowling
Fencing
Horseback Riding
Gymnastics
Wrestling
Track and Field
Golf
Powerlifting
Cycling
Boccie
Adventure Activities
Inclusion
Summary
Chapter 27. Winter Sport Activities, Luke Kelly
Value of Winter Sports
Alpine Skiing
Cross-Country Skiing
Ice Skating
Sledding and Tobogganing
Hockey
Curling
Summary
Chapter 28. Enhancing Wheelchair Sport Performance, Abu Yilla
The Athlete and the Wheelchair: A Systems Approach
The Systems Approach?Combining the Athlete and the Wheelchair
The Future
Summary
Appendix A. Definitions Associated With the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
Appendix B. Disabled Sport Organizations
Appendix C. A Brief Summary of The Brockport Physical Education Fitness Test
References
Index
About the Authors
