Preface
Introduction
Text Themes
Interdisciplinary Development
Teaching Application
Diversity Adaptation
Prelude
Chapter 1: Educational Psychology and Teaching
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Introduction
What is Educational Psychology
Psychology Applied to Teaching
Applying Psychological Theories to Education
A Model of Teaching and Learning
Other Branches of Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Social Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Psychiatry
Educational Psychology as a Science
Psychology, Education, and Research
Experimental Psychology
Research Methods of Educational Psychology
Summary and Implications
Part I; The Cognitive Sciences
Chapter 2: The Mind
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Sensation and Perception
Sensation
Perception
The Mind: The Organ of Thought?
Defining the Cognitive Sciences
Defining Mind
Discussion Questions
Schooling and the Cognitive Sciences
Constructivism
The Child's Understanding of Mind
Mind and the Curriculum
Do Animals Have Minds?
Mind and Knowledge
Gestalt Theories
Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)
Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)
The Gestalt Movement and Contributions
Theories of Mental Development: Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Summary and Implications
Chapter 3: Thinking, Cognition, and Language
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Thinking
Defining Thinking
Discussion Questions
Types of Thinking
Alternative Thought
Problem Solving
Thinking about Writing
Cognition
Defining Cognition
Human Cognitive Abilities
Theories of Cognition
Discussion Questions
The Mind and Meaning
Language
Language and Speech
Language and Culture
Language, Culture, and Genetics
Language and Mind
Beginning Literacy: Whole Language or Phonics?
Instructional Aids to Literacy
Children's Private Speech
Dyslexia
Summary and Implications
Chapter 4: Consciousness
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Consciousness: Personalizing Learning
Educational Implications of Studies in Consciousness
Defining Consciousness
Discussion Questions
Developing Student Consciousness by Building Choices into Academics
Personal Awareness: The Self
Introspection as Methodology
William James (1842-1910)
Altered States of Consciousness
Induced Altered States of Consciousness
Uninduced Altered States of Consciousness
The Biological Basis for Self-Concept
Summary and Implications
Part II: The Neurosciences, Behavior, and Individual Differences
Chapter 5: The Brain and Memory
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
In Search of Memory
What and Where is Memory?
Lifetime Memories
Memory Types and Processes
Learning and Memory
The Neurosciences and Memory
In Search of the Brain
The Physiology of the Brain
Genes
The Brain Hemispheres
Technology for Studying the Brain
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Neurophysiology, Learning, and Memory
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Educational Implications of Brain Studies
Researchers on Memory
Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
Karl Lashley (1890-1958):Memory Integrations
Wilder Penfield (1891-1976)
Donald Hebb (1904-1985): Cell Assemblies
Harry Harlow (1905-1981): Studies with Primates
Discussion Questions
Summary and Implications
Chapter 6: Behavior and Learning
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Behaviorism
Defining Learning
Defining Behaviorism
Basic Assumptions
Associations
Universal Laws and Individual Differences
The Biology of Behavior
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936)
John Watson (1878-1958)
Discussion Questions (From Watson, 1924)
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
Discussion Questions
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Managing Classroom Behavior
Applying Behaviorism
Discussion Questions
Social Learning and Behavior
Albert Bandura (1925- )
Antisocial Behavior
Summary and Implications
Chapter 7: Individual Differences and Exceptionalities
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Genes and Individual Differences
The World of Genes
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
Twins: The Genetic Mirror
Gender Differences
Teaching Implications of Genetic Composition
The Cultural Environment and Individual Differences
Ethnic Differences
National Differences
Religious Differences
Language Differences
Discussion Questions
Development and Individual Differences
The Age of Adolescence
Ability Differences and Exceptionalities
Special Education
Physical Handicaps and Children's Health
Learning and Mental Disabilities
Teaching the Learning Disabled Student
Emotional Disabilities
Speech, Oral Language, and Communication Disabilities
The Gifted and Talented
Applying Instruction to Individual Ability Differences
Summary and Implications
Part III: Personality and Development
Chapter 8: Personality Development
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Introduction to Personality
Psychoanalysis
Defining Personality
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Unconscious Mind
Sexuality in Personality Development
Discussion Questions
Neopsychoanalytic Theories and Methods
Alfred Adler (1870-1937): Individual Psychology
Carl Jung (1875-1961): Analytic Psychology
Freud and Jung Compared
Discussion Questions
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
The Neuroscientific Challenge to Psychoanalysis
Summary and Implications
Chapter 9: Theories of Development
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Stages of Life Development
Evolution and Human Development
The Body and Development
Development Stages
Freud's Stages of Development
Erik H. Erikson (1902-1994): The Development of the Ego
Jean Piaget's (1896-1980) Stages of Development
Discussion Questions
Discussion Questions
Development and Motivation
Drive and Reinforcement: The Behaviorist Motivators
Thinking and Reason: Cognitive Motivators
Emotions: Psychotherapy Motivators
Temperament: A Neuroscientific Motivator
Feeling and Choice: Humanistic Motivators
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Humanistic Psychology
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)
Discussion Questions
The Achievement Motive
The Affective Domain: Developing Emotionsl Life
Summary and Implications
Chapter 10: Intelligence
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
The Concept of Intelligence
What Is Intelligence?
The Congitive Tradition
Discussion Questions
The Psychometric View
Nature and Nuture
Discussion Questions
Alfred Binet (1857-1911) and the Intelligence Test 20th-Century IQ Test Development
Models of Intelligence
The Quantification of Intelligence
Francis Galton (1822-1911)
Charle Spearman (1863-1945): The Concept of General Intelligence "g"
Louis Leon Thurstone (1887-1955)
J.P> Guilford (1897-1987)
Philip Vernon (1905-1987)
Raymond B. Cattell (1905- )
Discussion Questions
Arthur Jensen (1923- )
Group Differences in Intelligence
Sternberg's Triarchic Model
Zigler's Model
Multiples of Intelligence
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Howard Gardner
Practical Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Genes, Race, and Intelligence
Discussion Questions
Social Class and Intelligence
Discussion Questions
Summary and Implications
Chapter 11: Ethical, Moral, and Character Development
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Ethics and Education
Introduction
Defining Ethics and Morals
Discussion Questions
Ethical Beliefs
Morals and Education
Moral Reasoning
Stages of Moral Reasoning
Research on Moral Development
Values and Character Education
Personal and Social Habits
Character Traits
Character Education Plans: Civic Duties
Moral Values in the Curriculum
Discussion Question
Morality, Religion, and Ethics
Discussion Questions
Suggested Assumptions of Teaching Morality
Summary and Implications
Part IV: Educational Applications
Chapter 12: Applying Research Principles to Education
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Applying Educational Principles
The World of Research
Discussion Questions
Discovering Principles
Archimedes (287-212 B.C.)
Steps in Discovering Principles
Darwin's (1809-1882)Dilemma
Einstein's (1879-1955) Principles
Research and Educational Practice
Organizing a Research Report
Definitions
Isaac Newton's Definitions (1642-1727)
Discussion Questions
Reviewing the Literature
Relating Research to Previous Results
Individual Differences: Theory/Review/Example
The Hypothesis: Housing the Research Question
Defining the Question
Methodologies for Conducting the Experiment
Observational Research
Survey Research
The Uses of Statistics in Research Design
Analyzing and Publishing the Results
Synthesis and Condensation
Summary and Implications
Chapter 13:Applying Assessment, Testing, and Evaluation
Overview
Key Questions
Important Terms
Assessing Learning Progress
Defining Assessment Terms
Letter Grades as Imperfect Assessment Tools
Standardized Tests
Disadvantages of Standardized Testing
Principles of Measurement
Developing Teacher Tests
Steps for Developing Teacher Tests
Types of Teacher-Made Tests
Observational Techniques
Correcting Student Papers
Authentic Assessment
Characteristics of Tests
Validity
Reliability
Interpreting Test Scores
Population Statistics
Frequency Distributions of Test Scores
Evaluating Courses and Programs
Developing Course Objectives
Evaluation Assumptions
Forms of Evaluation
Summary and Implications
References
Credits
Name Index
Subject Index
