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Brinkley, Alan : Columbia University
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Preface
Chapter One: THE MEETING OF CULTURES
America Before Columbus
The Civilizations of the South/The Civilizations of the North/Tribal Cultures
Europe Looks Westward
Commerce and Nationalism/Christopher Columbus/The Conquistadors/The Spanish Empire/Spanish America/Northern Outposts/The Empire at High Tide/Biological and Cultural Exchanges/Africa and America
The Arrival of the English
The Commercial Incentive/The Religious Incentive/The English in Ireland/The French and the Dutch in America/The First English Settlements/Roanoke
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: Why Do Historians So Often Differ?
Where Historians Disagree: The American Population Before Columbus
For Further Reference
Chapter Two: TRANSPLANTATIONS AND BORDERLINES
The Early Chesapeake
The Founding of Jamestown/Reorganization/Tobacco/Expansion/Exchanges of Agricultural Technology/Maryland and the Calverts/Turbulent Virginia/Caribbean Colonization/Bacon's Rebellion
The Growth of New England
Plymouth Plantation/The Expansion of New England/Settlers and Natives/The Pequot War, King Philip¿s War, and the Technology of Battle
The Restoration Colonies
The English Civil War/The Carolinas/New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey/The Quaker Colonies
Borderlands and Middle Grounds
The Caribbean Islands/Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean/Borderlands and Middle Grounds/The Southwestern Borderlands/The Southeast Borderlands/The Founding Georgia/The Evolution of the British Empire
Conclusion
Significant Events
The American Environment: The Other Pilgrims
For Further Reference
Chapter Three: SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN PROVINCIAL AMERICA
The Colonial Population
Indentured Servitude/Birth and Death/Medicine in the Colonies/Women and Families in the Chesapeake/Women and Families in New England/The Beginnings of Slavery in British America/Changing Sources of European Immigration
The Colonial Economies
The Southern Economy/The Northern Economic and Technological Life/The Extent and Limits of Technology/The Rise of Colonial Commerce/The Rise of Consumerism
Patterns of Society
The Plantation/Plantation Slavery/The Puritan Community/The Witchcraft Phenomenon
Awakenings and Enlightenments
The Pattern of Religions/The Great Awakening/The Enlightenment/Education/The Spread of Science/Concepts of Law and Politics
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The Origins of Slavery
Patterns of Popular Culture: Colonial Almanacs
For Further Reference
Chapter Four: THE EMPIRE IN TRANSITION
Loosening Ties
A Tradition of Neglect/The Colonies Divided
The Struggle for the Continent
New France and the Iroquois Nation/Anglo-French Conflicts/The Great War for the Empire
The New Imperialism/Burdens of Empire/The British and the Tribes/The Colonial Response
Stirrings of Revolt
The Stamp Act Crisis/The Townshend Program/The Boston Massacre/The Philosophy of Revolt/The Tea Excitement
Cooperation and War
New Sources of Authority/Lexington and Concord
Conclusion
Significant Events
Patterns of Popular Culture: Taverns in Revolutionary Massachusetts
For Further Reference
Chapter Five: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The States United
Defining American War Aims/The Decision for Independence/Responses to Independence/Mobilizing for War
The War for Independence
The First Phase: New England/The Second Phase: The Mid-Atlantic Region/The Iroquois and the British/Securing Aid from Abroad/The Final Phase: The South/Winning the Peace
War and Society
Loyalists and Minorities/The War and Slavery/Native Americans and the Revolution/Women's Rights and Women's Roles/The War Economy
The Creation of State Governments
The Assumptions of Republicanism/The First State Constitutions/Revising State Governments/Toleration and Slavery
The Search for a National Government
The Confederation/Diplomatic Failures/The Confederation and the Northwest/Indians and the Western Lands/Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The American Revolution
The American Environment: The Grid
For Further Reference
Chapter Six: THE CONSTITUTION AND THE NEW REPUBLIC
Framing a New Government
Advocates of Centralization/A Divided Convention/Compromise/The Constitution of 1787/Federalists and Antifederalists/Completing the Structure
Federalists and Republicans
Hamilton and the Federalists/Enacting the Federalist Program/The Republican Opposition
Establishing National Sovereignty
Securing the Frontier/Native Americans and the New Nation/Maintaining Neutrality/Jay's Treaty and Pinckney's Treaty
The Downfall of the Federalists
The Election of 1796/The Quasi War with France/Repression and Protest/The 'Revolution' of 1800
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The Background of the
Constitution
For Further Reference
Chapter Seven: THE JEFFERSONIAN ERA
The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
Patterns of Education/Medicine and Science/Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation/Religious Skepticism/The Second Great Awakening
Stirrings of Industrialism
The Industrial Revolution in England/Technology in America/Transportation Innovations/The Rising Cities
Jefferson the President
The Federal City and the 'People's President'/Dollars and Ships/Conflict with the Courts
Doubling the National Domain
Jefferson and Napoleon/The Louisiana Purchase/Lewis and Clark Explore the West/The Burr Conspiracy
Expansion and War
Conflict on the Seas/Impressment/'Peaceable Coercion'/Tecumseh and the Prophet/Florida and War Fever
The War of 1812
Battles with Tribes/Battles with the British/The Revolt of New England/The Peace Settlement
Conclusion
Significant Events
Patterns of Popular Culture: Horse Racing
For Further Reference
Chapter Eight: VARIETIES OF AMERICAN NATIONALISM
A Growing Economy
Banking, Currency, and Protection/Transportation
Expanding Westward
The Great Migrations/White Settlers in the Old Northwest/The Plantation System in the Southwest/Trade and Trapping in the Far West/Eastern Images of the West
The Era of Good Feelings
The End of the First Party System/John Quincy Adams and Florida/The Panic of 1819
Sectionalism and Nationalism
The Missouri Compromise/Marshall and the Court/The Court and the Tribes/The Latin American Revolution and the Monroe Doctrine
The Revival of Opposition
The 'Corrupt Bargain'/The Second President Adams/Jackson Triumphant
Conclusion
Significant Events
For Further Reference
Chapter Nine: JACKSONIAN AMERICA
The Rise of Mass Politics
The Expanding Electorate/The Legitimization of Party/'President of the Common Man'
Our Federal Union
Calhoun and Nullification/The Rise of Van Buren/The Webster-Hayne Debate/The Nullification Crisis
The Removal of the Indians
White Attitudes Towards the Tribes/The Black Hawk War/The 'Five Civilized Tribes/Trails of Tears/The Meaning of Removal
Jackson and the Bank War
Biddle's Institution/The Taney Court
The Changing Face of American Politics
Democrats and Whigs/Van Buren and the Panic of 1837/The Log Cabin Campaign/The Frustration of the Whigs/Whig Diplomacy
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The ¿Age of Jackson¿
Patterns of Popular Culture: The Penny Press
For Further Reference
Chapter Ten: AMERICA'S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION
The Changing American Population
The American Population, 1820-1840/Immigration and Urban Growth, 1840-1860/The Rise of Nativism
Transportation, Communications, and Technology
The Canal Age/The Early Railroads/The Triumph of the Rails/Innovations in Communications and Journalism
Commerce and Industry
The Expansion of Business, 1820-1840/The Emergence of the Factory/Advances in Technology/Innovations in Corporate Organization
Men and Women at Work
Recruiting a Native Work Force/The Immigrant Work Force/The Factory System and the Artisan Tradition/Fighting for Control
Patterns of Industrial Society
The Rich and the Poor/Social Mobility/Middle-Class Life/The Changing Family/Women and the 'Cult of Democracy'/Leisure Activities
The Agricultural North
Northeastern Agriculture/The Old Northwest/Rural Life
Conclusion
Significant Events
The American Environment: The Flow of Water
Patterns of Popular Culture: Shakespeare in America
For Further Reference
Chapter Eleven: COTTON, SLAVERY, AND THE OLD SOUTH
The Cotton Economy
The Rise of King Cotton/Southern Trade and Industry/Sources of Southern Difference
White Society in the South
The Planter Class/Honor/The 'Southern Lady'/The Plain Folk
Slavery: A Peculiar Institution
Varieties of Slavery/Life Under Slavery/Slavery in the Cities/Free African Americans/The Slave Trade/Slave Resistance
The Culture of Slavery
Language and Music
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The Character of Slavery
Patterns of Popular Culture: The Slaves¿ Music
For Further Reading
Chapter Twelve: ANTEBELLUM CULTURE AND REFORM
The Romantic Impulse
Literature and the Quest for Liberation/Literature in the Antebellum South/The Transcendentalists/The Defense of Nature/Visions of Utopia/Redefining Gender Roles/The Mormons
Remaking Society
Revivalism, Morality, and Order/The Temperance Crusade/Health Fads and Phrenology/Medical Science/Reforming Education/Rehabilitation/The Indian Reservation/The Rise of Feminism
The Crusade Against Slavery
Early Opposition to Slavery/Garrison and Abolitionism/Black Abolitionists/Anti-Abolitionism/Abolitionism Divided
Conclusion
Significant Events
Patterns of Popular Culture: Sentimental Novels
For Further Reading
Chapter Thirteen: THE IMPENDING CRISIS
Looking Westward
Manifest Destiny/Americans in Texas/Tensions Between the United States and Mexico/Oregon/The Westward Migration/Life on the Trail
Expansion and War
The Southwest and California/The Mexican War
The Sectional Debate
Slavery and the Territories/The California Gold Rush/Rising Sectional Tensions/The Compromise of 1850
The Crises of the 1850's
The Uneasy Truce/'Young America'/Slavery, Railroads, and the West/The Kansas-Nebraska Controversy/'Bleeding Kansas'/The Free-Soil Ideology/The Pro-Slavery Argument/Buchanan and Depression/The Dred Scott Decision/Deadlock over Kansas/The Emergence of Lincoln/John Brown's Raid/The Election of Lincoln
Conclusion
Significant Events
Patterns of Popular Culture: Lyceums
For Further Reading
Chapter Fourteen: THE CIVIL WAR
The Secession Crisis
The Withdrawal of the South/The Failure of Compromise/Fort Sumter/The Opposing Sides
The Mobilization of the North
Economic Measures/Raising the Union Armies/Wartime Politics/The Politics of Emancipation/African Americans and the Union Cause/The War and Economic Development/Women, Nursing, and the War
The Mobilization of the South
The Confederate Government/Money and Manpower/States' Rights Versus Centralization/Economic and Social Effects of the War
Strategy and Diplomacy
The Commanders/The Role of Sea Power/Europe and the Disunited States/The American West and the War
The Course of Battle
The Technology of Battle/The Opening Clashes, 1861/The Western Theater/The Virginia Front, 1862/1863: Year of Decision/The Last Stage, 1864-1865
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: The Causes of the Civil War
Patterns of Popular Culture: Baseball and the Civil War
For Further Reference
Chapter Fifteen: RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH
The Problems of Peacemaking
The Aftermath of War and Emancipation/Competing Notions of Freedom/Issues of Reconstruction/Plans for Reconstruction/The Death of Lincoln/Johnson and 'Restoration'
Radical Reconstruction
The Black Codes/The Fourteenth Amendment/The Congressional Plan/The Impeachment of the President
The South in Reconstruction
The Reconstruction Governments/Education/Landownership and Tenancy/The Crop Lien System/The African-American Family in Freedom
The Grant Administration
The Soldier President/The Grant Scandals/The Greenback Question/Republican Diplomacy
The Abandonment of Reconstruction
The Southern States 'Redeemed'/The Ku Klux Klan Acts/Waning Northern Commitment/The Compromise of 1877/The Legacies of Reconstruction
The New South
The 'Redeemers'/Industrialization and the 'New South'/Tenants and Sharecroppers/African Americans and the New South/The Birth of Jim Crow
Conclusion
Significant Events
Where Historians Disagree: Reconstruction
Patterns of Popular Culture: The Minstrel Show
Where Historians Disagree: The Origins of Segregation
For Further Reference
Appendices
Maps
The United States
Topographical Map of the United States
The World
United States Territorial Expansion, 1783-1898
Documents and Tables
The Declaration of Independence
The Constitution of the United States of America
Presidential Elections
Vice Presidents and Cabinet Members
Population of the United States, 1790-1993
Employment, 1870-1992
Production, Trade, and Federal Spending/Debt, 1790-1992
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
List of Charts
Index
