Academic Writing : Writing and Reading Across the Disciplines

Preface

Chapter One: Introducing genre

1.1 Hearing voices
1.2 Hearing genres
1.3 What is an essay, Alex?

Chapter Two: Citation, summary, and authority

2.1 Citation

2.1.1 “Citation is peculiar to scholarly writing”
2.1.2 “Scholarly writers repeat others to sound impressive and authoritative”

2.2 Summary

2.2.1 Noting for gist
2.2.2 Recording levels
2.2.3 Coordinates of the summarizer's position

2.3 Reporting reporting
2.4 Extreme landscapes

2.4.1 High country
2.4.2 Low country

2.5 Narrative: a special case for summary

Chapter Three: Arrangements for readers, arrangements for speakers

3.1 Definitions and appositions

3.1.1 Sustained definitions
3.1.2 The social profile of abstractions and their different roles in different disciplines
3.1.3 Definitions and dictionaries

3.2 Orchestrating voices, making arrangements for speakers

3.2.1 When the guests already know each other
3.2.2 When the guests live in the same district but may not know each other
3.2.3 When some guests know one another but others do not
3.2.4 When some guests are rather difficult to entertain
3.2.5 When the guest has all the answers
3.2.6 When the guest is a popular guy
3.2.7 When the speaker is on-line

Chapter Four: Readers reading

4.1 Who do you think you're talking to?

4.1.1 Attitudes toward language

4.2 Traditions of commentary on student writing
4.3 Alternatives to traditional commentary

4.3.1 Catching the reader in the act: the think-aloud protocol
4.3.2 The sounds of think-aloud
4.3.3 Reading on behalf of others
4.3.4 Thinking "grammar" aloud
4.3.5 The ambiguity of questions
4.3.6 Think-aloud and genre theory
4.3.7 Reliability of readers

4.4 Structures of reading

4.4.1 Abstraction, details, and readers' efforts after meaning
4.4.2 Relevance
4.4.3 The mental desktop

4.5 Readers read

Chapter Five: Scholarly styles and the limits of knowledge

5.1 Scholarly wordings

5.1.1 Is scholarly writing unnecessarily complicated?
5.1.2 Is scholarly style exclusionary and elitist?
5.1.3 Is scholarly style hard to read?

5.2 Sentence style and textual coherence
5.3 Messages about the argument

5.3.1 The argument refers to itself
5.3.2 The discursive I
5.3.3 Forecasts and emphasis

5.4 The state of knowledge: limits, conditions, positions

5.4.1 Introductions: generalization and citation
5.4.2 Introductions: reported speech
5.4.3 Reported speech: direct and indirect
5.4.4 Reported speech: identifying the speaker
5.4.5 Reported speech: naming the speech action

5.5 Documentation
5.6 Introductions: the knowledge deficit
5.7 Making and maintaining knowledge

5.7.1 Methods
5.7.2 Modality and other limiting expressions

5.8 Time and Space

5.8.1 Tense and citation

5.9 Presupposing vs. asserting
5.10 Conclusions

Chapter Six: The politics of knowledge and the case of ethnography

6.1 "Readability" and "objectivity"
6.2 Embracing the subject

6.2.1 Unanimity and dissent, unity and division

6.3 Knowledge and power
6.4 Qualitative research
6.5 Ethnography

6.5.1 Post-colonial views of ethnography
6.5.2 Talking back, taking power

6.6 Constructing ethnographic topics

6.6.1 Representing ethnographic method and background
6.6.2 Interpreting ethnographic data

6.7 Assignment: ethnography

6.7.1 Research questions
6.7.2 Suggested areas of inquiry

6.8 Preparing a proposal
6.9 Making an oral presentation

6.9.1 Making your material fit the time available
6.9.2 Keep in mind that written and spoken English differ

Appendix A: Techniques for definition
Appendix B: Arranging for speakers to enter into conversation

References