Preventing Prejudice : Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents

Part I. Prejudice and Racism. Prevalence and Consequences
1. Understanding Prejudice and Racism

The Problem of Hate
Purpose and Focus of This Book
Some Important Definitions
Understanding Prejudice
Understanding Racism
Chapter Summary

2. Some Historical Background on the Origins and Evolution of Racial Prejudice

Prehistoric Roots of Racial Prejudice
Origins of Modern Racial Prejudice
Evolution of Racial Prejudice
Implications for Prejudice Reduction
Chapter Summary

3. Causes and Consequences of Racial Prejudice

Racism and White Americans
Racism and the Black Experience
Chapter Summary

Part II. Racial, Biracial, Multiracial, and Lesbian and Gay Identity Development and the Multicultural Personality
4. Person of Color (Minority) Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice

Erikson's and Marcia's Models of Identity Development
Hardiman's Stages of Social Identity Development
General Models of Minority Identity Development
Race- and Ethnicity-Specific Models of Minority Identity Development
Integration of Identity Models and Relationship to Mental Health and Prejudice
Summary of Research Correlates of Identity Stages

5. European American (White) Racial Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice

Hardiman's White Identity Development Model
Helms' White Racial Identity Model
Ponterotto's White Racial Consciousness Development Model
Rowe, Bennett, and Atkinson's White Racial Consciousness Model
Integrative Models of White Racial Identity
Why Is White Racial Identity Development Important? What Does the Research Say?

6. Biracial, Multiracial, and Gay or Lesbian Identity Development

Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
Models of Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Development
Chapter Summary

7. Multicultural Personality Development

What Is the Multicultural Personality?
How Does the Multicultural Personality Relate to Broader Models of Personality?
Chapter Summary

Part III. Proactive Roles in Reducing Prejudice
8. Counselor Roles in Prejudice Reduction and Race Relations

Traditional Roles of the Counselor
Counselor Skills and Prejudice Prevention Work
Counselor Roles in Working With Prejudice
Chapter Summary

9. Teacher Roles in Prejudice Reduction

Teacher- and Student-Centered Strategies for Reducing Prejudice
Using Curricula and Instructional Techniques to Reduce Prejudice
Chapter Summary

10. Parent Roles in Prejudice Reduction

Children and Prejudice
Early Formation of Racial Attitudes and Preferences
How Do Parents, Peers, and Personality Influence Prejudice Levels in Children?
What Parents Can Do to Promote Tolerance in Their Children
Chapter Summary

Part IV. Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction

An Orientation to Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction

11. Race Relations in Elementary and Middle Schools

Exercise 1. The Label Game
Exercise 2. Patterns of Difference
Exercise 3. Symbols of Our Culture
Exercise 4. One Situation But Many Interpretations
Chapter Summary

12. Race Relations in High School

Exercise 5. Being Normal and Being Abnormal
Exercise 6. Stereotypes
Exercise 7. Personal Culture History
Exercise 8. Predicting the Decision of a Resource Person From the Community
Chapter Summary

13. Race Relations on the College Campus

Exercise 9. A Classroom Debate
Exercise 10. Analysis of a Newspaper Article Through Role Playing
Exercise 11. Designing a Multiethinic Simulation
Exercise 12. Lump Sum
Chapter Summary

14. Race Relations in the Community

Exercise 13. Critical Incidents
Exercise 14. The Intrapersonal Cultural Grid
Exercise 15. The Interpersonal Cultural Grid
Exercise 16. Outside "Experts"
Chapter Summary

Part V. Instruments and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work
15. Assessments of Prejudice, Cultural Competence, Stressful Effects of Racism, Racial and Ethnic Identity, and the Multicultural Personality

Measures of Racism, Prejudice, and Homophobia
Measures of Multicultural Counseling Competence
Measures of Teachers' Multicultural Competence
Measures of the Stressful Effects of Racism
Measures of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development
Measures of the Multicultural Personality
Guidelines for Selecting Multicultural Instruments

16. Race Awareness Resource Guide

National Organizations
Books
Films and Videos
Popular Movies
Working With Films and Books
Chapter Summary
Appendix I. The Quick Discrimination Index (QDI)
Appendix II. Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS)
Appendix III. Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey (TMAS)
Appendix IV. Index of Race-Related Stress-Brief Version (IRRS-B)
References
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Authors