1. An Introduction to Corrections: Philosophy, Goals, and History.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Corrections Defined.
Early Origins of Corrections.
The History of Corrections in the United States.
Correctional Functions and Goals.
Some Correctional Models.
Types of Corrections.
Correctional Reforms.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
2. Classifying Offenders, Sentencing Systems, and Sentencing Issues.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Types of Offenses.
Classifying Offenders.
The Sentencing Process.
Types of Sentencing Systems.
Sentencing Hearings.
The Presentence Investigation (PSI) and Report.
Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances.
Some Sentencing Issues.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
Appendix 2A: Sample State PSI Report.
Appendix 2B: Sample Federal PSI Report.
3. Diversion, Standard and Intensive Supervised Probation Programs.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Civil Alternatives: Alternate Dispute Resolution and Diversion.
Pretrial Diversion.
Probation Defined.
The History of Probation in the United States.
The Philosophy and Functions of Probation.
Types of Probation.
A Profile of Probationers.
Shock Probation and Split Sentencing.
Boot Camps.
Landmark Cases in Probation Revocation.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
4. Community Corrections.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Community Corrections Acts and Community Corrections.
Community Corrections Programs.
Selected Issues in Community Corrections.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
5. Jails: History, Functions, and Types of Inmates.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
The History of Jails in the United States.
Jail Inmate Characteristics.
Functions of Jails.
Types of Jail Inmates.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
6. Jail Administration: Officer Training, Inmate Supervision, and Contemporary Issues.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Jail Administration.
Selected Jail Issues.
Jail Reforms.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
7. Prisons and Prisoners.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
The History of Prisons in the United States.
State and Federal Prison Systems.
A Profile of Prisoners in U.S. Prisons.
Types of Prisons and Their Functions.
Inmate Classification Systems.
Risk Assessment and Institutional Placement.
Functions of Prisons. Prison Culture: On Jargon and Inmate Pecking Orders.
Selected Prison Issues.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
8. Corrections Administration and the Privatization of Prisons.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
The Bureaucratic Model and Legal-Rational Authority.
Corrections and Offender Management.
The Organization of Corrections.
Forms of Correctional Administration.
Prison Administrator Selection and Training.
Prison Privatization.
Selected Issues on Privatization.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
9. Jailhouse Lawyers and Inmate Rights.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
What are Jailhouse Lawyers? The Constitutional Basis for Inmate Rights.
The Jailhouse Lawyer and the Nature of Civil Remedies.
Prisoner Rights and Selected Litigation Issues.
The Death Penalty.
Inmate Grievance Procedures.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
10. Parole, Parole Programs, and Parole Revocation.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Parole Defined.
The History of Parole in the United States.
The Philosophy and Goals of Parole.
The Functions of Parole.
Parolees in the United States.
Pre-Release Programs.
Post-Release Parole Programs.
Parole Boards: Revoking Probation and Parole.
Measuring Parole Effectiveness Through Recidivism.
The Parole Revocation Process.
The Rights of Parolees.
Serving Time Beyond Maximum Sentences.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
11. Correctional Officer Selection and Training.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
Corrections Officers and Probation/Parole Officers: A Distinction.
The Selection and Training of Correctional Officers.
The Recruitment of Women in Correctional Work.
The Organization and Operation of Probation and Parole Programs.
Selection Requirements for Probation and Parole Officers.
PO Caseloads.
Volunteers in Community Corrections.
Paraprofessionals in Community Corrections Programs.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
12. Women and Corrections.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
The History of Women's Prisons in the United States.
Characteristics of Female Offenders.
The Classification of Female Offenders.
Criticisms of Women's Prisons and Community Programs.
The Culture of Women's Prisons.
Administering Prisons for Women.
Selected Issues Relating to Women's Prisons.
Co-Corrections.
Female Probationers and Parolees: A Profile.
Intermediate Punishments for Women.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
13. Juvenile Corrections.
Chapter Objectives.
Introduction.
The History of Juvenile Corrections.
Types of Juvenile Offenders.
Some Characteristics of Delinquent Offenders.
The Juvenile Justice System.
Constitutional Rights of Juveniles.
Waivers, Transfers, and Certifications.
Goals of Juvenile Corrections.
Juvenile Corrections.
Selected Issues in Juvenile Corrections.
The Future of Juvenile Corrections.
Summary.
Questions for Review.
Suggested Readings.
Internet Connections.
Appendix A: Glossary.
Appendix B: Bibliography.
Case Index.
Name Index.
Subject Index.
