Preface
Chapter 1 Educational Psychology: A Tool for Effective Teaching
Exploring Educational Psychology
Historical Background
Teaching: Art and Science
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Effective Teaching
Professional Knowledge and Skills
Commitment, Motivation and Caring
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Research in Educational Psychology
Why Research Is Important
Research Methods
Program Evaluation Research, Action Research, and the Teacher-as-Researcher
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: Connecting with the Classroom
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 2 Cognitive and Language Development
An Overview of Child Development
Exploring What Development Is
Processes and Periods
Developmental Issues
Development and Education
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Cognitive Development
The Brain
Piaget's Theory
Vygotsky's Theory
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Language Development
What Is Language?
Biological and Environmental Influences
How Language Develops
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Book Report
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 3 Social Contexts and Socioemotional Development
Contemporary Theories
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory
Erikson's Life-Span Development Theory
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Social Contexts of Development
Families
Peers
Schools
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Socioemotional Development
The Self
Moral Development
Coping With Stress
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Fight
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 4 Individual Varations
Intelligence
What Is Intelligence?
Intelligence Tests
Theories of Multiple Intelligences
The Neuroscience of Intelligence
Controversies and Issues in Intelligence
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Learning and Thinking Styles
Impulsive/Reflective Styles
Deep/Surface Styles
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Personality and Temperament
Personality
Temperament
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: Workshops
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 5 Sociocultural Diversity
Culture and Ethnicity
Culture
Socioeconomic Status
Ethnicity
Bilingualism
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Multicultural Education
Empowering Students
Culturally Relevant Teaching
Issues-Centered Education
Improving Relations Among Children from Different Ethnic Groups
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Gender
Exploring Gender Views
Gender Stereotyping, Similarities, and Differences
Gender-Role Classification
Gender in Context
Eliminating Gender Bias
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: These Boys
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 6 Learners Who Are Exceptional
Children with Disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mental Retardation
Physical Disorders
Sensory Disorders
Speech and Language Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Educational Issues Involving Children with Disabilities
Legal Aspects
Technology
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Children Who Are Gifted
Characteristics
Nature/Nuture, Developmental Changes and Domain-Specific Giftedness
Educating Children Who Are Gifted
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: Now What
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 7 Behavioral and Social Cognitive Approaches
What Is Learning?
What Learning Is and Is Not
Approaches to Learning
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Behavioral Approaches to Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Applied Behavior Analysis in Education
What Is Applied Behavior Analysis?
Increasing Desirable Behaviors
Decreasing Undesirable Behaviors
Evaluating Operant Conditioning and Applied Behavior
Analysis
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Social Cognitive Approaches to Learning
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
Observational Learning
Cognitive Behavior Approaches and Self-Regulation
Evaluating the Social Cognitive Approaches
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: Consequences
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 8 The Information-Processing Approach
The Nature of the Information-Processing Approach
Information, Memory, and Thinking
Cognitive Resources: Capacity and Speed of Processing Information
Mechanisms of Change
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Attention
What Is Attention?
Developmental Changes
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Memory
What Is Memory?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval and Forgetting
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Expertise
Expertise and Learning
Acquiring Expertise
Expertise and Teaching
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Metacognition
Developmental Changes
The Good Information-Processing Model
Strategies and Metacognitive Regulation
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Test
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 9 Complex Cognitive Processes
Conceptual Understanding
What Are Concepts?
Promoting Concept Formation
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Thinking
What Is Thinking?
Reasoning
Critical Thinking
Decision Making
Creative Thinking
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Problem Solving
Steps in Problem Solving
Obstacles to Solving Problems
Developmental Changes
Developmental Changes
Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Transfer
What Is Transfer?
Types of Transfer
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Statistics Test
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 10 Social Constructivist Approaches
Social Constructivist Approaches to Teaching
Social Constructivism in the Broader Constructivist Context
Situated Cognition
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Teachers and Peers as Joint Contributors to Students' Learning
Scaffolding
Cognitive Apprenticeship
Tutoring
Cooperative Learning
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Structuring Small-Group Work
Composing the Group
Team-Building Skills
Structuring Small-Group Interaction
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Social Constructivist Programs
Fostering a Community of Learners
Schools for Thought
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Social Constructivist Classroom
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 11 Learning and Cognition in the Content Areas
Expert Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Reading
A Developmental Model of Reading
Approaches to Reading
Cognitive Approaches
Social Constructivist Approaches
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Writing
Developmental Changes
Cognitive Approaches
Social Constructivist Approaches
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Mathematics
Developmental Changes
Controversy in Math Education
Cognitive Processes
Some Constructivist Principles
Technology and Math Instruction
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Science
Science Education
Constructivist Teaching Strategies
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Social Studies
What Is Social Studies?
Constructivist Approaches
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Constructivist Math Curriculum
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 12 Planning, Instruction, and Technology
Planning
Instructional Planning
Time Frames and Planning
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Teacher-Centered Lesson Planning and Instruction
Teacher-Centered Lesson Planning
Direct Instruction
Teacher-Centered Instructional Strategies
Evaluating Teacher-Centered Instruction
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Learner-Centered Lesson Planning and Instruction
Learner-Centered Principles
Some Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies
Evaluating Learner-Centered Strategies
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Technology and Education
The Technology Revolution and the Internet
Standards for Technology-Literate Students
Teaching, Learning, and Technology
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Big Debate
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 13 Motivation, Teaching, and Learning
Exploring Motivation
What Is Motivation?
Perspectives on Motivation
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Achievement Processes
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Attribution
Mastery Motivation and Mindset
Self-Efficacy
Goal Setting, Planning, and Self-Monitoring
Expectations
Values and Purpose
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Motivation, Relationships, and Sociocultural Contexts
Social Motives
Social Relationships
Sociocultural Contexts
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Exploring Achievement Difficulties
Students Who Are Low Achieving and Have Low
Expectations for Success
Students Who Protect Their Self-Worth by Avoiding Failure
Students Who Procrastinate
Students Who Are Perfectionists
Students with High Anxiety
Students Who Are Uninterested or Alienated
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Reading Incentive Program
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 14 Managing the Classroom
Why Classrooms Need to Be Managed Effectively
Management Issues in Elementary and Secondary School Classrooms
The Crowded, Complex, and Potentially Chaotic Classroom
Getting Off to the Right Start
Emphasizing Instruction and a Positive Classroom Climate
Management Goals and Strategies
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Designing the Physical Environment of the Classroom
Principles of Classroom Arrangement
Arrangement Style
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Creating a Positive Environment for Learning
General Strategies
Creating, Teaching, and Maintaining Rules and Procedures
Getting Students to Cooperate
Classroom Management and Diversity
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Being a Good Communicator
Speaking Skills
Listening Skills
Nonverbal Communication
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Dealing with Problem Behaviors
Management Strategies
Dealing with Aggression
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Chatty Student
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 15 Standardized Tests and Teaching
The Nature of Standardized Tests
Standardized Tests and Their Purposes
Criteria for Evaluating Standardized Tests
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Aptitude and Achievement Tests
Comparing Aptitude and Achievement Tests
Types of Standardized Achievement Tests
High-Stakes State Standards-Based Tests
Standardized Tests of Teacher Candidates
Review, Reflect, and Practice
The Teacher's Roles
Preparing Students to Take Standardized Tests
Understanding and Interpreting Test Results
Using Standardized Test Scores to Plan and Improve Instruction
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Issues in Standardized Tests
Standardized Tests, Alternative Assessments, and High-Stakes Testing
Diversity and Standardized Testing
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Standardized Test Pressure
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Chapter 16 Classroom Assessment and Grading
The Classroom as an Assessment Context
Assessment as an Integral Part of Teaching
Making Assessment Compatible with Contemporary Views of Learning and Motivation
Contemporary Views of Learning and Motivation
Creating Clear, Appropriate Learning Targets
Establishing High-Quality Assessments
Current Trends
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Traditional Tests
Selected-Response Items
Constructed-Response Items
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Alternative Assessments
Trends in Alternative Assessment
Performance Assessment
Portfolio Assessment
Review, Reflect, and Practice
Grading and Reporting Performance
The Purposes of Grading
The Components of a Grading System
Reporting Students' Progress and Grades to Parents
Some Issues in Grading
Review, Reflect, and Practice
CRACK THE CASE: The Case of the Project
Reach Your Learning Goals
Key Terms
Portfolio Activities
Study, Practice, and Succeed
Glossary G-0
Praxis(TM) Answer Key P-0
References R-0
Credits C-1
Name Index I-1
Subject Index I-11
