Environmental Chemistry - 4th edition

Preface Environmental Chemistry Introduction A Brief History of Environmental Regulation The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards Real-World Examples of Green Chemistry Further Readings Websites of Interest Scientific American Feature Article: Little Green Molecules PART I Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution Chapter 1 Stratospheric Chemistry: The Ozone Layer Introduction The Physics and Chemistry of the Ozone Layer Box 1-1: The Steady-State Analysis of Atmospheric Reactions Catalytic Processes of Ozone Destruction Box 1-2: The Rates of Free-Radical Reactions Review Questions Additional Problems Further Readings Websites of Interest Chapter 2 The Ozone Holes Introduction The Ozone Hole and Other Sites of Ozone Depletion Box 2-1: The Chemistry Behind Mid-Latitude Decreases in Stratospheric Ozone The Chemicals That Cause Ozone Destruction Green Chemistry: The Replacement of CFC and Hydrocarbon Blowing Agents with Carbon Dioxide in Producing Foam Polystyrene Green Chemistry: Harpin TechnologyEliciting Nature's Own Defenses Against Diseases Review Questions Green Chemistry Questions Additional Problems Further Readings Websites of Interest Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Ground-Level Air Pollution Introduction Box 3-1 The Interconversion of Gas Concentrations Urban Ozone: The Photochemical Smog Process Technological Control of Emissions Green Chemistry: The Replacement of Organic Solvents with Supercritical and Liquid Carbon Dioxide; Development of Surfactants for This Compound Green Chemistry: Using Ionic Liquids to Replace Organic Solvents; Cellulose, A Naturally Occurring Polymer Replacement for Petroleum-Derived Polymers Particulates in Air Pollution Air Quality Indices and Size Characteristics for Particulate Matter Box 3-2 Distribution of Particle Sizes in an Urban Air Sample Review Questions Green Chemistry Questions Additional Problems Further Readings Websites of Interest Chapter 4 The Environmental and Health Consequences of Polluted AirOutdoors and Indoors Introduction Acid Rain The Human Health Effects of Outdoor Air Pollutants Indoor Air Pollution Review Questions Additional Problems Further Readings Websites of Interest Chapter 5 The Detailed Chemistry of the Atmosphere Introduction Box 5-1: Lewis Structures of Simple Free Radicals Tropospheric Chemistry Systematics of Stratospheric Chemistry Review Questions Additional Problems Further Readings Websites of Interest Environmental Instrumental Analysis I: Instrumental Determination of NOX via Chemiluminescence PART II Energy and Climate Change Chapter 6 The Greenhouse Effect Introduction The Mechanism of the Greenhouse Effect Box 6-1: A Simple Model of the Greenhouse Effect Molecular Vibrations: Energy Absorption by Greenhouse Gases The Major Greenhouse Gases Green Chemistry: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Production of Computer Chips Box 6-2: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Atmospheric Residence Time Other Greenhouse Gases Box 6-3: Determining the Emissions of ''Old Carbon'' Sources of Methane The Climate-Modifying Effects of Aerosols Global Warming to Date Box