1. Getting Down to Basics
Steps in Chemical Analysis
SI Units and Prefixes
Conversion Between Units
Chemical Concentrations
Preparing Solutions
2. Tools of the Trade
Safety with Chemicals and Waste
Your Lab Notebook
The Analytical Balance
Burets
Volumetric Flasks
Pipets and Syringes
Filtration
Drying
Calibration of Volumetric Glassware
Methods of Sample Preparation
3. Math Toolkit
Significant Figures
Significant Figures in Arithmetic
Types of Error
Propagation of Uncertainty
Introducing Spreadsheets
Spreadsheet + Graph = Power
4. Statistics
The Gaussian Distribution
Student's t
Q Test for Bad Data
Finding the "Best" Straight Line
Constructing a Calibration Curve
A Spreadsheet for Least Squares
5. A Skirmish with Equilibrium
The Equilibrium Constant
Solubility Product
What Are Acids and Bases?
The Relation Between [H+], [OH-], and pH
Strengths of Acids and Bases
6. Good Titrations
Principles of Volumetric Analysis
Titration Calculations
Titration of a Mixture
Chemistry in a Fishtank
Titrations Involving Silver Ion
7. Let There Be Light
Properties of Light
Absorption of Light
The Spectrophotometer
8. Spectrophotometry
Using Beer's Law
Spectrophotometric Titrations
Luminescence
Immunoassays
9. Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
Strong Acids and Bases
Weak Acids and Bases
Weak-Acid Equilibrium
Weak-Base Equilibrium
Fractional Composition Equations
10. Buffers
What You Mix Is What You Get
The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
A Buffer in Action
Preparing Buffers
Buffer Capacity
How Indicators Work
11. Acid-Base Titrations
Titration of Strong Acid with Strong Base
Titration of Weak Acid with Strong Base
Titration of Weak Base with Strong Acid
Finding the End Point
Practical Notes
Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis
Putting Your Spreadsheet to Work
12. Polyprotic Acids and Bases
Amino Acids Are Polyprotic
Finding the pH in Diprotic Systems
Which is the Principal Species?
Titrations in Polyprotic Systems
13. Electrode Potentials
Redox Chemistry and Electricity
Galvanic Cells
Standard Potentials
The Nernst Equation
E° and the Equilibrium Constant
Reference Electrodes
14. Electrode Measurements
The Silver Indicator Electrode
What Is a Junction Potential?
How Ion-Selective Electrodes Work
pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode
Ion-Selective Electrodes
15. EDTA and Iodine Titrations
Metal-Chelate Complexes
EDTA
Metal Ion Indicators
EDTA Titration Techniques
Titrations Involving Iodine
16. Principles of Chromatography
What Is Chromatography?
How We Describe a Chromatogram
Why Do Bands Spread?
Chemical Analysis by Chromatography
Internal Standards
17. Gas and Liquid Chromatography
Gas Chromatography
Classical Liquid Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
18. Chromatographic Methods and Capillary Electrophoresis
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Ion Chromatography
Molecular Exclusion Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography
What Is Capillary Electrophoresis?
How Capillary Electrophoresis Works
Types of Capillary Electrophoresis
19. Gravimetric and Combustion Analysis
An Example of Gravimetric Analysis
Precipitation
Examples of Gravimetric Calculations
Combustion Analysis
20. Atomic Spectroscopy
What Is Atomic Spectroscopy?
Atomization: Flames, Furnaces, and Plasmas
How Temperature Affects Atomic Spectroscopy
Instrumentation
Interference
Quantitative Analysis by Standard Addition
21. Experiments
Penny Statistics
Statistical Evaluation of Acid-Base Indicators
Calibration of Volumetric Glassware
Gravimetric Determination of Calcium as CaC2O4 * H20
Gravimetric Measurement of Phosphorus in Plant Food
Preparing Standard Acid and Base
Analysis of a Mixture of Carbonate and Bicarbonate
Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis
Using a pH Electrode for an Acid-Base Titration
EDTA Titration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in Natural Waters
Synthesis and Analysis of Ammonium Decavanadate
Iodimetric Titration of Vitamin C
Potentiometric Halide Titration with AG+
Spectrophotometric Nitrite Determination of Aquarium Water
Measuring Ammonia in a Fishtank with an Ion-Selective Electrode
Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in Dietary Tablets
Microscale Spectrophotometric Measurement of Iron in Foods by Standard Addition
Properties of an Ion-Exchange Resin
Using an Internal Standard in Gas Chromatography or High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Analysis of Sulfur in Coal by Ion Chromatography
Measuring Carbon Monoxide in Automobile Exhaust by Gas Chromatography
Amino Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis
Glossary
Appendix A: Solubility Products
Appendix B: Acid Dissociation Constants
Appendix C: Standard Reduction Potentials
Appendix D: Oxidation Numbers and Balancing Redox Equations
Solutions to "Ask Yourself" Questions
Answers to Problems
Index
