This alternate edition covers the first 17 chapters of the main text. Three chapters omitted: nuclear chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry.
1. AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY.
Why Study Chemistry?
The Nature of Chemistry.
The Process of Chemistry.
The Scientific Method.
Relationship of Chemistry to Other Sciences and Industry.
Risks and Benefits.
Key Terms.
2. STANDARDS FOR MEASUREMENT.
Mass and Weight.
Measurement and Significant Figures.
Rounding Off Numbers.
Scientific Notation of Numbers.
Significant Figures in Calculations.
The Metric System.
Measurement of Length.
Problem Solving.
Measurement of Mass.
Measurement of Volume.
Measurement of Temperature.
Density.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER.
Matter Defined.
Physical States of Matter.
Substances and Mixtures.
Elements.
Distribution of Elements.
Names of the Elements.
Symbols of the Elements.
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids.
Compounds.
Elements That Exist as Diatomic Molecules.
Chemical Formulas.
Mixtures.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
4. PROPERTIES OF MATTER.
Properties of Substances.
Physical Changes.
Chemical Changes.
Conservation of Mass.
Energy.
Heat: Quantitative Measurement.
Energy in Chemical Changes.
Conservation of Energy.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 1-4.
5. EARLY ATOMIC THEORY AND STRUCTURE.
Early Thoughts.
Dalton's Model of the Atom.
Composition of Compounds.
The Nature of Electric Charge.
Discovery of Ions.
Subatomic Parts of the Atom.
The Nuclear Atom.
General Arrangement of Subatomic Particles.
Atomic Numbers of the Elements.
Isotopes of the Elements.
Atomic Mass.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
6. NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
Common and Systematic Names.
Elements and Ions.
Writing Formulas from Names of Compounds.
Binary Compounds.
Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions.
Acids.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 5-6.
7. QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS.
The Mole.
Molar Mass of Compounds.
Percent Composition of Compounds.
Empirical Formula versus Molecular Formula.
Calculating Empirical Formulas.
Calculating the Molecular Formula from the Empirical Formula.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
8. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS.
The Chemical Equation.
Writing and Balancing Equations.
What Information Does an Equation Tell Us?
Types of Chemical Equations.
Heat in Chemical Reactions.
Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
9. CALCULATIONS FROM CHEMICAL EQUATIONS.
A Short Review.
Introduction to Stoichiometry: The Mole-Ratio Method.
Mole-Mole Calculations.
Mole-Mass Calculations.
Mass-Mass Calculations.
Limiting-Reactant and Yield Calculations.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 7-9.
10. MODERN ATOMIC THEORY AND THE PERIODIC TABLE.
A Brief History.
Electromagnetic Radiation.
The Bohr Atom.
Energy Levels of Electrons.
Atomic Structures of the First Eighteen Elements.
Electron Structures and the Periodic Table.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
11. CHEMICAL BONDS: THE FORMATION OF COMPOUNDS FROM ATOMS.
Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties.
Lewis Structures of Atoms.
The Ionic Bond: Transfer of Electrons from One Atom to Another.
Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds.
The Covalent Bond: Sharing Electrons.
Electronegativity.
Lewis Structures of Compounds.
Complex Lewis Structures.
Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions.
Molecular Shape.
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 10-11.
12. THE GASEOUS STATE OF MATTER.
General Properties.
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory.
Measurement of Pressure of Gases.
Dependence of Pressure on Number of Molecules and Temperature.
Boyle's Law.
Charles' Law.
Gay-Lussac's Law.
Standard Temperature and Pressure.
Combined Gas Laws.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
Avogadro's Law.
Mole-Mass-Volume Relationships of Gases.
Density of Gases.
Ideal Gas Equation.
Gas Stoichiometry.
Real Gases.
Air Pollution.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
13. WATER AND THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS.
What Is a Liquid?
Evaporation.
Vapor Pressure.
Surface Tension.
Boiling Point.
Freezing Point or Melting Point.
Changes of State.
Occurrence of Water.
Physical Properties of Water.
Structure of the Water Molecule.
The Hydrogen Bond.
Formation and Chemical Properties of Water.
Hydrates.
Hygroscopic Substances.
Natural Waters.
Water Pollution.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
14. SOLUTIONS.
General Properties of Solutions.
Solubility.
Factors Related to Solubility.
Rate of Dissolving Solids.
Solutions: A Reaction Medium.
Concentration of Solutions.
Colligative Properties of Solutions.
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 12-14.
15. ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS.
Acids and Bases.
Reactions of Acids.
Reactions of Bases.
Salts.
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes.
Dissociation and Ionization of Electrolytes.
Strong and Weak Electrolytes.
Ionization of Water.
Introduction to pH.
Neutralization.
Writing Net Ionic Equations.
Acid Rain.
Colloids: An Introduction.
Properties of Colloids.
Applications of Colloidal Properties.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
16. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM.
Reversible Reactions.
Rates of Reaction.
Chemical Equilibrium.
Le Chatelier's Principle.
Effect of Concentration on Equilibrium.
Effect of Volume on Equilibrium.
Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium.
Effect of Catalysts on Equilibrium.
Equilibrium Constants.
Ion Product Constant for Water.
Ionization Constants.
Solubility Product Constant.
Hydrolysis.
Buffer Solutions: The Control of pH.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
17. OXIDATION-REDUCTION.
Oxidation Number.
Oxidation-Reduction.
Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations.
Balancing Ionic Redox Equations.
Activity Series of Metals.
Electrolytic and Voltaic Cells.
Concepts in Review.
Key Terms.
Questions, Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises.
Putting It Together: Review for Chapters 15-17.
APPENDICES.
Appendix I: Mathematical Review.
Appendix II: Using a Scientific Calculator.
Appendix III: Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures.
Appendix IV: Units of Measurement.
Appendix V: Solubility Table.
Appendix VI: Answers to Even-Numbered Questions and Exercises.
GLOSSARY.
INDEX
