1. The Ancestors of the West
Origins, to ca. 3000 B.C.
Mesopotamia, to ca. 1600 B.C.
Egypt, to ca. 1100 B.C.
Widening Horizons: The Levant and Anatolia, 2500-1150 B.C.
The Written Record: Heroism and Death in Mesopotamia
The Global Record: Peace and Brotherhood
The Visual Record: The Iceman and His World
2. The Sword, the Book, and the Myths: Western Asia and Early Greece
Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, and Persians, ca. 1200-330 B.C.
Israel, ca. 1500-400 B.C.
Early Greece, to ca. 725 B.C.
The Written Record: Ruth
The Global Record: The Subject Peoples of a Multicultural Empire
The Visual Record: The Trojan War
3. The Age of the Polis in Greece ca. 750-350 B.C.
Society and Politics in Archaic Greece, ca. 750-500 B.C.
The Culture of Archaic Greece
Classical Greece
The Public Culture of Classical Greece
The Written Record: Spartan Women
The Global Record: The Enemy as Barbarian
The Visual Record: The Parthenon
4, Alexander the Great and the Spread of Greek Civilization ca. 350-30 B.C.
Philip and Alexander
The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323-30 B.C.
Alexandrian Culture
The Turn Inward: New Philosophies, New Faiths
The Written Record: Virtues and Vices of Alexander the Great
The Global Record: Egyptians Versus Greeks in a Temple
The Visual Record: Images of Cleopatra
5. Rome, from Republic to Empire
Before the Republic, 753-509 B.C.
The Early And Middle Republic at Home, ca. 509-133 B.C.
The Early And Middle Republic Abroad, ca. 509-133 B.C.
The Late Republic And Its Collapse, 133-31 B.C.
The Written Record: Spartacus's Slave Revolt
The Global Record: Caesar on the Gauls
The Visual Record: From Poseidonia to Paestum
6. Imperial Rome, 31 B.C.-A.D. 284
Augustus and the Principate, 31 B.C.-A.D. 68
The Roman Peace and Its Collapse, A.D. 69-284
Early Christianity
The Written Record: Nero and His Mother
The Global Record: Syria Between Rome and Persia
The Visual Record: Gladiators
7. The World of Late Antiquity, 284-ca.600
Rebuilding the Roman Empire, 284-395
The Catholic Church and the Roman Empire, 313-604
The Rise of Germanic Kingdoms in the West, ca. 370-530
The Roman Empire in the East, 395-565
Society and Culture in Late Antiquity
The Written Record: Two Views of the Huns
The Global Record: Christianity Arrives in Nubia
The Visual Record: The Ravenna Mosaics
8. Early Medieval Civilizations, 600-900
The Islamic East
The Byzantine Empire
Catholic Kingdoms in the West
The Carolingian Empire
Early Medieval Economies and Societies
The Written Record: The Message of the Quran
The Global Record: "Persian" Visitors to the Court of Charlemagne
The Visual Record: Icons
9. The Expansion of Europe in the High Middle Ages 900-1300
Economic Expansion
The Heirs of the Carolingian Empire: Germany, Italy, and France
The British Isles
The Growth of New States
The Crusades
The Written Record: The Issues in the Investiture Controversy
The Global Record: The Mongol Khan Writes to the Pope
The Visual Record: The Medieval Castle
10. Medieval Civilization at Its Height, 900-1300
The Traditional Orders of Society
Social and Religious Movements, ca. 1100-1300
Latin Culture: From Schools to Universities
The Vernacular Achievement
The Written Record: Women and Medicine in Twelfth-Century Salerno
The Global Record: The Making of an Arab Scholar
The Visual Record: Stained Glass
11. Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe 1300-1500
The Crisis of the Western Christian Church
War and the Struggle over Political Power, 1300-1450
Crisis in Economy and Society
The Consolidation of Political Power, 1450-1500
The Written Record: The Inquisition of Joan of Arc
The Global Record: A Disputation
The Visual Record: A Painting of the Plague
12. The Renaissance
Humanism and Culture in Italy, 1300-1500
Painting and the Arts, 1250-1550
The Spread of the Renaissance, 1350-1536
The Renaissance and Court Society
The Written Record: Petrarch Responds to His Critics
The Global Record: Gentile Bellini Travels to Meet the Turkish Sultan
The Visual Record: Renaissance Marriage Chests
13. European Overseas Expansion to 1600
The European Background, 1250-1492
Portuguese Voyages of Exploration, 1350-1515
Spanish Voyages of Exploration, 1492-1522
Spain's Colonial Empire, 1492-1600
The Columbian Exchange
The Written Record: Albuquerque Defends the Portuguese Empire
The Global Record: An Inca Nobleman Defends His Civilization
The Visual Record: "The Mulattos of Esmeraldas
14. The Age of the Reformation
The Reformation Movements, ca. 1517-1545
The Empire of Charles V (r. 1519-1556)
The English Reformation, 1520-1603
France, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, 1523-1560
The Late Reformation, ca. 1545-1600
The Written Record: Martin Luther's Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
The Global Record: Duels Among Europeans and Turks
The Visual Record: A Reformation Woodcut
15. Europe in the Age of Religious Wars 1560-1648
Imperial Spain and the Limits of Royal Power
Religious and Political Conflict in France and England
Religious and Political Conflict in Central and Eastern Europe
Economic Change and Social Tensions
Writing, Drama, and Art in an Age of Upheaval
The Written Record: A City Official Worries About Witch-Hunting
The Global Record: Montaigne Discusses Barbarity in the New World and the Old
The Visual Record: Baroque Art
16. Europe in the Age of Louis XIV, ca. 1640-1715
France in the Age of Absolutism
The English Civil War and Its Aftermath
New Powers in Central and Eastern Europe
The Expansion of Overseas Trade and Settlement
The Written Record: The Bill of Rights
The Global Record: Journal of a Dutch Slave Ship
The Visual Record: Table Manners
17. A Revolution in World-View
The Revolution in Astronomy, 1543-1632
The Scientific Revolution Expands, ca. 1600-1700
The New Science in Context: Society, Politics, and Religion
The Written Record: Galileo Asserts Science and Religion Are Compatible
The Global Record: Jesuits and Astronomy in China
The Visual Record: Modern Maps
18. Europe on the Threshold of Modernity ca. 1715-1789
The Enlightenment
European States in the Age of Enlightenment
The Widening World of Commerce and Warfare
Economic Expansion and Social Change
The Written Record: Rousseau Discusses the Benefits of Submitting to the General Will
The Global Record: An African Recalls the Horrors of the Slave Ship
The Visual Record: Gardens
19. An Age of Revolution 1789-1815
The Beginnings of Revolution, 1775-1789
The Phases of the Revolution, 1789-1799
The Napoleonic Era and the Legacy of Revolution, 1799-1815
The Written Record: Robespierre Justifies Terror Against Enemies of the Revolution
The Global Record: Napoleon's Letter to Toussaint-Louverture
The Visual Record: Political Symbols
20. The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 1750-1850
Pre-Conditions for Industrialization
New Modes of Production
Social, Cultural, and Environmental Impacts
Responses to Industrialization
The Written Record: A French Woman Goes to Work
The Global Record: Alexis de Tocqueville's Thoughts on Colonization
The Visual Record: Union Membership Certificates
21. Restoration, Reform, and Revolution, 1814-1848
The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815
Ideological Confrontations
Restoration, Reform, and Reaction
The Revolutions of 1848
The Written Record: A Plea to Abolish Slavery in the British Colonies
The Global Record: A Moroccan Describes French Freedom of the Press
The Visual Record: Raft of the 'Medusa'
22. Nationalism and Political Reform 1850-1880
The Changing Nature of International Relations
Italian Unification, 1859-1870
German Unification, 1850-1871
Precarious Empires
The Emergence of New Political Forms in the United States and Canada, 1840-1880
The Development of Western Democracies
The Written Record: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War
The Global Record: A Japanese View of the British Parliament
The Visual Record: An Engraving of the British Royal Family
23. The Age of Optimism 1850-1880
Industrial Growth and Acceleration
Social Impacts of Economic Growth
Urban Problems and Solutions
Social and Political Initiatives
Culture in an Age of Optimism
The Written Record: Darwin's Basic Laws of Evolution
The Global Record: A Chinese Official's Views of European Material Progress
The Visual Record: An Engraving of the British Royal Family
24. Escalating Tensions 1880-1914
The New Imperialism and the Spread of Europe's Population
From Optimism to Anxiety: Politics and Culture
Vulnerable Democracies
Autocracies in Crisis
The Coming War
The Written Record: Pankhurst Testifies on Women's Rights
The Global Record: Chief Montshiwa Petitions Queen Victoria
The Visual Record: Empire and Advertising
25. War and Revolution, 1914-1919
The Unforeseen Stalemate, 1914-1917
The Experience of Total War
The Two Russian Revolutions of 1917
The New War and the Allied Victory, 1917-1918
The Outcome and the Impact
The Written Record: The Covenant of the League of Nations
The Global Record: Prince Faisal at the Peace Conference
The Visual Record: Max Beckmann's The Night
26. The Illusion of Stability, 1919-1930
The West and the World After the Great War
Communism, Fascism, and the New Political Spectrum
Toward Mass Society
Weimar Germany and the Trials of the New Democracies
The Search for Meaning in a Disordered World
The Written Record: Tradition and Women: The Conditions of Independence
The Global Record: Sun Yixien on Chinese Nationalism
The Visual Record: Advertising
27. The Tortured Decade 1930-1939
The Great Depression
The Stalinist Revolution in the Soviet Union
Hitler and Nazism in Germany
Fascist Challenge and Antifascist Response, 1934-1939
The Coming of World War II, 1935-1939
The Written Record: The Government's Role in Managing a Free-Market Economy
The Global Record: Gandhi Advocates Nonviolence
The Visual Record: Film as Propaganda
28. The Era of the Second World War, 1939-1949
The Victory of Nazi Germany, 1939-1941
The Assault on the Soviet Union and the Nazi New Order
A Global War, 1941-1944
The Shape of the Allied Victory, 1944-1945
Into the Postwar World
The Written Record: 'Containment' as a Cold War Strategy
The Global Record: Japan's 'Pan-Asian' Mission
The Visual Record: Holocaust Snapshots
29. An Anxious Stability: The Age of the Cold War, 1949-1989
The Search for Cultural Bearings
Prosperity and Democracy in Western Europe
The Communist Bloc: From Consolidation to Stagnation
Europe, the West, and the World
The Collapse of the Soviet System, 1975-1991
The Written Record: Power from Below: Living the Truth
The Global Record: Gandhi Advocates Nonviolence
The Visual Record: Pop Art
30. A Continuing Experiment: The West and the World Since 1989
The Uncertain International Framework After the Cold War
The Continuing Experiment with Democratic Capitalism
Lifestyles and Identities
The West in a Global Age
Questioning the Meaning of the West
The Written Record: The Question of Western Responsibility
The Global Record: Nelson Mandela and the Universality of Human Values
The Visual Record: Postmodern Architecture