Western Philosophy - 2nd edition

Prefacecknowledgementsdvice to Readers and Format of the Volumeart

I: Knowledge and Certainty:. Innate Knowledge: Plato, Meno. Knowledge versus Opinion: Plato, Republic. Demonstrative Knowledge and its Starting-points: Aristotle, Posterior Analytics. New Foundations for Knowledge: Ren� Descartes, Meditations. The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge: John Locke, Essay concerning Human Understanding. Innate Knowledge Defended: Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding. Scepticism versus Human Nature: David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Experience and Understanding: Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason. From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness: Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit0. Against Scepticism: G. E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense1. Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation? Wilfrid Sellars, The Myth of the Given2. The Conditions for Knowledge: Edmund Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?pecimen Questionsuggestions for Further Readingart

II: Being and Reality:. The Allegory of the Cave: Plato, Republic. Individual Substance: Aristotle, Categories. Supreme Being and Created Things: Ren� Descartes, Principles of Philosophy. Qualities and Ideas: John Locke, Essay concerning Human Understanding. Substance, Life and Activity: Gottfried Leibniz, New System. Nothing Outside the Mind: George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge. The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation: David Hume, Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. Metaphysics, Old and New: Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena. Being and Involvement: Martin Heidegger, Being and Time0. The End of Metaphysics?: Rudolf Carnap, The Elimination of Metaphysics1. The Problem of Ontology: W. V. O. Quine, On What There Is2. Why Is There Anything?: Derek Parfit, The Puzzle of Realitypecimen Questionsuggestions for Further Readingart

III: Language and Meaning:. The Meaning of Words: Plato, Cratylus. Language and its Acquisition: Augustine, Confessions. Thought, Language and its Components: William of Ockham, Writings on Logic. Language, Reason and Animal Utterance: Ren� Descartes, Discourse on the Method. Abstract General Ideas: John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Particular Ideas and General Meaning: George Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge. Denotation versus Connotation: John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic. Names and their Meaning: Gottlob Frege, Sense and Reference. Definite Descriptions: Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Logic0. Non-descriptive Uses of Language: J. L. Austin, Performative Utterances1. Language, Meaning and Context: Paul Grice, Logic and Conversation2. How the Reference of Terms is Fixed: Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessitypecimen Questionsuggestions for Further Readingart

IV: Mind and Body:. The Immortal Soul: Plato, Phaedo. Soul and Body, Form and Matter: Aristotle, De Anima. The Human Soul: Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae. The Incorporeal Mind: Ren� Descartes, Meditations. The Identity of Mind and Body: Benedict Spinoza, Ethics. Mind-Body Correlations: Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics. Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will: Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea. The Problem of Other Minds: John Stuart Mill, An Examination of Sir William Hamilton''s Philosophy. The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena: Franz Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint0. The Myth of the''Ghost in the Machine'': Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind1. Mental States as Functional States: Hilary Putnam, Psychological Predicates2. The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness: Thomas Nagel, What is it Like to be a Bat?pecimen Questionsuggestions for Further Readingart

V: The Self and Freedom:a) The Self. The Self and Consciousness: John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding. The Self as Primitive Concept: Joseph Butler, Of Personal Identity. The Self as Bundle: David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature. The Partly Hidden Self: Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. Liberation from the Self: D